Everything about Phosphorus Morning Star totally explained
In
Greek mythology,
Hesperus (
Greek Hesperos), the
Evening Star and
Eosphorus (
Eosphoros "dawn-bearer"; also
Phosphorus,
Lucifer "light-bearer",
Iubar), the
Morning Star are sons of the dawn goddess
Eos (Roman
Aurora). Hesperus' father was
Cephalus, a mortal, while Eosphoros' was the star god
Astraios. Hesperos
Roman equivalent was
Vesper. (cf. "west", direction of sunset/dusk/evening star and "east", direction of morning star/dawn/sunrise).
Venus shines very bright because its dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide reflects the sunlight extremely well.
Variant names
Hesperus (Greek Hesperos) is the personification of the "evening star", the planet
Venus in the evening. His name is sometimes conflated with the names for his brother the personification of the planet as the "morning star" Eosphorus (Greek Ἐωσφόρος, "bearer of dawn") or
Phosphorus (
Ancient Greek: Φωσφόρος, "bearer of light", often translated as "
Lucifer" in Latin), since they're all personifications of the same planet Venus. "Heosphoros" in the Greek
LXX Septuagint and "Lucifer" in
Jerome's Latin
Vulgate were used to translate the Hebrew "Helel" (Venus as the brilliant, bright or shining one), "son of Shahar (Dawn)" in the Hebrew version of
Isaiah 14:12.
When named thus by the early Greeks, it was thought that Phosphoros (Venus in the morning) and Hesperos (Venus in the evening) were two different celestial objects. The Greeks later accepted the Babylonian view that the two were the same, and the Babylonian identification of the planets with the Great Gods, and dedicated the "wandering star" (
planet) to
Aphrodite (Roman
Venus), as the equivalent of
Ishtar.
Eosphorus/Hesperus was said to be the father of
Ceyx and
Daedalion. In some sources, he's also said to be the father of the
Hesperides.
"Hesperus is Phosphorus"
"Hesperus is Phosphorus" is a famous sentence in the
philosophy of language (see, for example,
proper name).
Gottlob Frege used the terms "Hesperus" and "Phosphorus" to illustrate his distinction between
sense and reference.
Saul Kripke used the sentence to demonstrate that the knowledge of something necessary (in this case the identity of Hesperus and Phosphorus) could be discoverable rather than known
a priori.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Phosphorus Morning Star'.
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